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Research Universities (high research activity):   Institutions were included in these categories if they awarded at least 20 doctorates in 2003-04. First-professional degrees (J.D., M.D., Pharm.D., etc.) were not counted for the purpose of this criterion, nor were doctoral degrees in audiology or rehabilitation and therapeutic professions, except when we were informed that the degrees were research doctorates (the IPEDS Completions data do not identify degree titles, so professional-practice doctorates such as Aud.D. or D.P.T. cannot be explicitly identified). Institutions with lower levels of doctorate production can be identified by using Custom Listings to intersect categories of the Basic and Graduate Instructional Program classifications. As in previous editions, these categories were limited to institutions that were not identified as Tribal Colleges or Special Focus Institutions.

Level of research activity. Doctorate-granting institutions were assigned to one of three categories based on a measure of research activity. It is important to note that the groups differentiate solely with respect to level of research activity, not quality or importance.

The analysis examined the following correlates of research activity: research & development (R&D) expenditures in science and engineering (S&E; “science and engineering” is defined by NSF to include the social sciences); R&D expenditures in non-S&E fields; S&E research staff (postdoctoral appointees and other non-faculty research staff with doctorates); doctoral conferrals in humanities fields, in social science fields, in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields, and in other fields (e.g., business, education, public policy, social work). These data were statistically combined using principal components analysis to create two indices of research activity (each index was a component score for the first principal component). One index was based on aggregate levels of these factors, and the other assessed per-capita research activity using the expenditure and staffing measures divided by the number of full-time faculty whose primary responsibilities were identified as research, instruction, or a combination of instruction, research, and public service. The values on each index were then used to locate each institution on a two-dimensional graph. We calculated each institution’s distance from a common reference point, and then used the results to assign institutions to three groups based on their distance from the reference point. Thus the aggregate and per-capita indices were considered equally, such that institutions that were very high on either index were assigned to the “very high” group, while institutions that were high on one (but very high on neither) were assigned to the “high” group.

	Research Universities (high research activity)
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